Pruning Trees and Shrubs

Pruning is the process of selectively removing or modifying parts of trees and shrubs to improve the health, appearance and safety of plants and landscapes. It’s an important part of the overall maintenance of gardens and landscapes as well as enhancing property value. Properly pruned plants are more visually appealing, healthier and better able to withstand storms. They are also more productive, producing more flowers and fruit or more attractive foliage than overgrown plants.

A plant’s growth is determined by its genetic makeup and environmental conditions but can be guided to achieve the gardener’s or homeowner’s goals. It is this that makes pruning such a rewarding experience for those with a love of gardening and horticulture.

The basic goal of pruning is to reduce the weight of a plant, encourage fruit production, control size, promote shape and beauty, or to provide security, privacy or shade. There are many different methods and tools of pruning but the most important thing is to identify what needs to be done and to make clean, well-placed cuts that leave the optimum wound to heal.

To ensure good health and maximum vigor, all pruning should be conducted in the correct season. Many pruning guides and books suggest that deciduous species be pruned in the fall or winter, while evergreens are generally best pruned during the spring. It is recommended that a plant be inspected at least once during the growing season to determine if pruning is required, and at this time it can be decided what, if any, of the plant’s structure should be altered or reduced.

The most common form of pruning is called thinning. This involves removing branches and buds from a mature branch or stem to promote more vigorous growth. It is particularly useful in fruit trees to increase light penetration for better harvesting and to stimulate more blooms and larger fruits.

Dead or dying branches should be removed as soon as they are noticed to prevent the spread of disease and to allow the remaining parts of the plant to use available nutrients. Pruning can help prevent disease and insect infestations by removing parts of the plant that attract and harbor them.

Proper pruning is a time-consuming and labor intensive process, but with proper planning and knowledge it can be done efficiently and effectively to improve the look and health of any landscape. It is always wise to consult a professional if you have any doubts or concerns. Using sharp, properly maintained pruning equipment is a must and it is recommended that the pruners use a disinfectant between plants to avoid cross-contamination and the transfer of disease organisms. Pruning paints and dressings, containing turpentine, mineral spirits, creosote or pentachlorophenol compounds should be avoided, as research indicates they are detrimental to the natural healing of pruning wounds. It is also suggested that a light spray of water be used between cuts to flush out debris and to moisten the pruned surface.

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